Macro-evolution is when an organism evolves to become a new species. This is also known as speciation. There are two mechanisms of macro-evolution. Divergent evolution, and convergent evolution. Divergent evolution is when organisms of a population become isolated, and evolve to their new habitats. They share a common ancestor so the DNA is similar. Ex. The Galapagos finches are the same species, but evolved to have different beaks for different uses. Convergent evolution is when different organisms inhabit the same environment, and evolve to have similar characteristics. They don't share a common ancestor so DNA is different. Ex. The platypus and duck don't share any common ancestors but both evolved to have similar shaped beaks for similar uses. But there was a problem in this theory as there were little intermediate fossils. Eldridge and Gould proposed a solution to this problem. Punctuated equilibrium is when one section of a population is isolated and evolves by itself, and then is re-introduced to the population and then out competes the original population.